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Electric Convergence http://3dskimaps.net Developments in electric technologies Wed, 28 Nov 2018 06:09:04 +0000 en hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=5.8.12 Some speculation about the Eviation Alice, and electric airplanes in general http://3dskimaps.net/electric-aircraft/some-speculation-about-the-eviation-alice-and-electric-airplanes-in-general/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=some-speculation-about-the-eviation-alice-and-electric-airplanes-in-general Wed, 28 Nov 2018 06:05:06 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=141 Here are the proposed specs for the Eviation Alice. It doesn’t say what the dry weight is, but the MTOW is 6,350 kg, compared to 3,629 kg for a Cessna Caravan. They claim 900 kWh of batteries, so if they were using Tesla packs that would be 5,730 kg. This would only leave 620 kg for the airframe and motors, not to mention crew and passengers, so Eviation must be using denser battery packs.

An empty Cessna Caravan weighs 2,145 kg so let’s just say this Alice weighs the same, and 12 passengers weigh 930 kg, and 130 kg for luggage. Then 6530 – (2145 + 930 + 130) = 3,325 kg for the battery, which means the battery specific energy has to go from 156 kWh/kg to 269 kWh/kg. That’s quite a leap! If we could shave 1,000 kg off the airframe using composites and ditching everything to do with the engine, then we’d only need 206 kWh/kg, which seems doable.

The Siemens SP260D aircraft motor produces 5.2 kW/kg (3.2 hp/lb), 261 kW from 50 kg. That’s probably the motor they’re using.

The Pipistrel Alpha Electro motor based on an Emrax motor produces 9 kW/kg and weighs 6 kg. Its batteries are kind of old in battery-tech years, so it just has 90 minutes of flying time. Magnax is claiming 12.5 kW/kg.

Then MagniX (no relation to Magnax) is only getting 4.7 kW/kg, more like the Siemens. I don’t know why Emrax is so much better. MagniX has been working with Cessna.

The Sunflyer 2 weighs 880 kg, has a Siemens SP70D 70kW motor, and has a range of 3.5 hours, with a cruise speed of 135 kts. For some reason they’ve taken down their website. I’ve read somewhere that Sunflyer’s battery cells are the 260 Wh/kg kind, but I don’t know the specific energy of their assembled battery packs.

The Sunflyer 4 will do 4.5 hours with a 105 kW motor and 150 kts cruise.

A lot of these commercial electric aircraft makers are going with hybrids. The Equator P2 Excursion is a light aircraft, but it shows one way. This Diamond DA40 with electric motors and a generator is another way, but the basic idea is – smallish batteries with a diesel or gas generator. The batteries give a takeoff boost so the engine can be smaller than an equivalent engine powered plane.

The best thing about electric motors for propulsion is that they make the airframe energy agnostic. Once you have the motors, you can use almost anything to power them – batteries, diesel generator, turbine generator, nuclear powered Stirling engine.

]]> Norwegian nanoscientists reveal a battery boasting five times conventional energy capacity http://3dskimaps.net/battery-research/norwegian-nanoscientists-reveal-a-battery-boasting-five-times-conventional-energy-capacity/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=norwegian-nanoscientists-reveal-a-battery-boasting-five-times-conventional-energy-capacity Fri, 13 Jul 2018 21:28:24 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=136 Actually what they have now “only” goes to 3-5 times, but has the potential to go to 10 times. They found a way to include silicon in the graphite in the anode.

 

https://phys.org/news/2018-04-silicon-storage-material-batteries-future.html

]]> Clean energy growing so fast, the future of natural gas may be shorter than thought http://3dskimaps.net/uncategorized/clean-energy-growing-so-fast-the-future-of-natural-gas-may-be-shorter-than-thought/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=clean-energy-growing-so-fast-the-future-of-natural-gas-may-be-shorter-than-thought Fri, 13 Jul 2018 21:16:18 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=134 Clean energy is advancing faster than people thought it might, so the reign of natural gas might be shorter than expected. A lot of mineral rights holders who are banking on natural gas good times lasting far into the future may have to reconsider. The cost of natural gas extraction remains constant, while its price varies with market pressures. Meanwhile the cost of clean energy depends on technology which gets better and cheaper every year.

 

https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/7/13/17551878/natural-gas-markets-renewable-energy

]]> Two years later, first SolidEnergy devices may reach the market http://3dskimaps.net/uncategorized/two-years-later-first-solidenergy-devices-may-reach-the-market/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=two-years-later-first-solidenergy-devices-may-reach-the-market Fri, 06 Jul 2018 04:30:54 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=132 In 2016 I was very excited by the news from SolidEnergy Systems that they were going to release batteries with twice the density of regular Li-ion batteries. That never came to pass, and then it looked like it might happen in 2017, but it didn’t. Now in 2018 they again say it’s going to happen.

The bottom line is that this new battery can only be recharged 200 times, compared to 1,000 for Li-ion, and it costs $500/kWh, compared to $200/kWh for Li-ion.

But if you really need 40 minutes of flight time for your drone, then you might be willing to pay $125 for a battery five times as often.

https://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/environment/first-semisolid-lithium-batteries-to-debut-this-year-in-drones

]]> Global battery investment to grow by 8,000% by 2050 http://3dskimaps.net/battery-storage/global-battery-investment-to-grow-by-8000-by-2050/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=global-battery-investment-to-grow-by-8000-by-2050 Fri, 22 Jun 2018 05:25:37 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=129 Currently the world is spending about $6.7 billion per year on batteries for general electricity storage. This report expects that to grow to $548 billion by 2050, on an installed battery capacity of 1.3 TW by that time. But current global electricity generation is about 7 TW, and would probably double by 2050, so that would only mean 10% of electricity production is backed up with batteries.

How Big Will the Battery Boom Get? Try $548 Billion, BNEF Says

]]> China is just doing its own thing, zooming ahead of everyone else in electric vehicles http://3dskimaps.net/uncategorized/china-is-just-doing-its-own-thing-zooming-ahead-of-everyone-else-in-electric-vehicles/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=china-is-just-doing-its-own-thing-zooming-ahead-of-everyone-else-in-electric-vehicles Mon, 08 Jan 2018 02:52:12 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=126 China is updating its subsidy rules to encourage longer range vehicles, however these subsidies are slated to end in 2020 anyway. Meanwhile, the China market is so huge, they have their own car lines people in the US have never heard of, like BAIC, Chery, Dongfeng, and Geely. Each of these carmakers produces an electric SUV with a 300 to 360 km (185 to 225 mile) range, and each supports fast charging.

Chinese Electric Vehicle Subsidy Changes In 2018 — The Details

]]> China’s RX1E electric airplane upgraded to 2 hours flight time http://3dskimaps.net/uncategorized/chinas-rx1e-electric-airplane-upgraded-to-2-hours-flight-time/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=chinas-rx1e-electric-airplane-upgraded-to-2-hours-flight-time Sat, 06 Jan 2018 03:23:41 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=124 This plane looks a lot like the electric Pipistrel Alpha Electro. On its debut two years ago, it only had 45 minutes of flight time, now it has 2 hours. The Alpha Electro has 90 minutes. When solid state batteries finally hit the market, these planes will be able to go 4 hours, probably with a simple upgrade. The FAA needs to get cranking on this, their certifications only mention piston or turbine engines, so you can’t get electric planes certified right now.

China’s first electric plane can fly for up to 2 hours

]]> Modern batteries make power shifting economically viable http://3dskimaps.net/uncategorized/modern-batteries-make-power-shifting-economically-viable/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=modern-batteries-make-power-shifting-economically-viable Sat, 23 Dec 2017 04:06:41 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=121 Batteries are getting less expensive and more reliable, enough so that power shifting is now economically viable. This is where you “store power when it is at its cheapest for use when electricity is most costly.” Companies can do this independently of power suppliers, so it will be interesting to see the effect this has on public utilities.

The wait is over. The battery revolution is here

]]> NGK, seeing which way the wind is blowing, goes after solid state battery tech http://3dskimaps.net/uncategorized/ngk-seeing-which-way-the-wind-is-blowing-goes-after-solid-state-battery-tech/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=ngk-seeing-which-way-the-wind-is-blowing-goes-after-solid-state-battery-tech Sat, 23 Dec 2017 04:01:41 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=119 Seems like this might be Peak Internal Combustion Engine, at least Japanese spark plug maker NGK is getting prepared for that by researching heavily into solid state battery technology. Their expertise is in ceramics, so they’re looking at a ceramic battery that would be safer than Toyota’s solid state battery, which can emit hydrogen sulfide if damaged. The early 2020s are going to see a lot of new batteries coming out.

Bracing for EV shift, NGK Spark Plug ignites all solid-state battery quest

]]> World’s largest vanadium flow battery being built in Dalian, China http://3dskimaps.net/uncategorized/worlds-largest-vanadium-flow-battery-being-built-in-dalian-china/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=worlds-largest-vanadium-flow-battery-being-built-in-dalian-china Sat, 23 Dec 2017 03:55:24 +0000 http://electricconvergence.com/?p=117 Vanadium flow batteries coming into their own, and still no easy way to invest. This will be the world’s largest VFB, in Dalian China. For an comparison, the energy capacity of 800 MWh is enough to supply about 27,000 US homes with power for a day. It will be used for peak shaving, to store up energy produced cheaply during off-demand hours, and use it during peak demand hours.

World’s largest battery: 200MW/800MWh vanadium flow battery – site work ongoing

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